This way of wearing the keffiyeh became a symbol of Arafat as a person and political leader, and it has not been imitated by other Palestinian leaders.Īnother Palestinian figure associated with the keffiyeh is Leila Khaled, a female member of the armed wing of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Early on, he had made it his personal trademark to drape the scarf over his right shoulder only, arranging it in the rough shape of a triangle.
He also wore a similarly patterned piece of cloth in the neckline of his military fatigues. Arafat would wear his keffiyeh in a semi-traditional way, wrapped around his head via an agal. The black-and-white fishnet pattern keffiyeh would later become Arafat's iconic symbol, and he would rarely be seen without it only occasionally would he wear a military cap, or, in colder climates, a Russian-style ushanka hat. The black and white keffiyeh’s prominence increased during the 1960s with the beginning of the Palestinian resistance movement and its adoption by Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. The black and white chequered keffiyeh dates to the 1950s when Glubb Pasha, a British officer, wanted to distinguish his Palestinian soldiers (black and white keffiyeh) from his Jordanian forces (red and white keffiyeh). In 1938, British Mandatory High Commissioner in Palestine, Harold MacMichael, reported to the Foreign Office: “This ‘order’ has been obeyed with surprising docility and it is not an exaggeration to say that in a month eight out of every ten tarbushes in the country had been placed by the ‘agal’.” Following the end of the revolt, most residents either reverted to wearing the tarbush or elected to go hatless. During the 1936-1939 Arab Revolt in Palestine, Arab rebel commanders ordered all Arabs to don the keffiyeh. Prior to the 1930s, Palestinian villagers and peasants wore the white keffiyeh and ‘agal (rope) while city residents and the educated elite wore the Ottoman tarbush (fez). Main article: Palestinian keffiyeh Yasser Arafat wearing his iconic fishnet pattern keffiyeh in 2001 ĭuring his sojourn with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq, Gavin Young noted that the local sayyids-"venerated men accepted as descendants of the Prophet Muhammad and Ali ibn Abi Talib"-wore dark green keffiyeh ( cheffiyeh) in contrast to the black-and-white checkered examples typical of the area's inhabitants. Iraqi Turkmen also wear the headpiece, and call it Jamadani. Varieties and variations Īs well as Arabs, Kurds and Yazidis also wear this headpiece. It is believed to have originated from the Sumerian civilization in ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). An agal is often used by Arabs to keep it in place. The keffiyeh is commonly found in arid regions, as it provides protection from sunburn, dust and sand. It is fashioned from a square scarf, and is usually made of cotton.
The keffiyeh or kufiyya ( Arabic: كُوفِيَّة, romanized: kūfīyya, lit.'relating to Kufa'), also known in Arabic as a ghutrah ( غُترَة), shemagh ( شُمَاغ šumāġ), or ḥaṭṭah ( حَطَّة), is a traditional headdress worn by men from parts of the Middle East. Yemeni Arab man wearing a keffiyeh in turban-style and a shal on his shoulder Saudi man wearing the shemagh as part of traditional Saudi Arab attire.
For kefiyah, compulsion by the Jewish courts, see Jewish divorce. This article is about a traditional headdress worn by men.
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